Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Clusters in Latin America Natural Resource – Implication and Future Challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242008000200005Keywords:
Technology, innovation, alignment of technology and innovationAbstract
The natural resources play a very important role in the economy of the Latin America countries, but follow the classical models of resource exploitation and scale do not add much more value to the products or services like other knowledge-based industries (biotechnology or IT). The cluster approach assembled around the pattern of innovation and entrepreneurship characteristics can help to improve these kinds of industries. Nevertheless, the “Natural Resource Clusters” have a particular task and they are based primary in environmental characteristics. However, this type of clusters is very different from “Technology Clusters” with a high innovation and entrepreneurship structure that needs explicitly more intellectual capacities and non-specific environmental characteristics. The authors suggest that in Latin America, clusters, innovation and entrepreneurship based in the natural resources has a supplementary significance, but they need add much value based in the knowledge. This article discuss the challenge of Latin American economies and the implication to transform the natural resources based industries in others with more innovation and knowledge based assets and shows a framework based on Chile’s particular experiences on salmon; wine and mining industries. Economics implications and future research are discussed.Downloads
References
Acs, Z.; Arenius, P.; Ha, M. and Minnit, M. (2005): Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2004 Executive Report, Babson College and London Business School. Babson Park, MA. and London, UK
Amorós J.; Cortés, P.; Echecopar, G. and Flores,T (2006): Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Reporte Chile, 2005. Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez-Universidad del Desarrollo. Santiago. Chile
Audretsch, D. (1995): Innovation and Industrial Evolution. Boston: MIT Press.
Bas, TG. (2006):"La Gestión Tecnológica en América Latina. Un desafío Inconcluso". Journal of Technology Management & Innovation.Vol. I, Issue 4, pp. 1-6.
Bas, TG. and Niosi, J. (2007): "The Issue of Asymmetrical Growth in Specialized Biotechnology Firms in the United States and the United Kingdom". International Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 9, Issue I, pp. 87-100.
Bas, TG. and Kunc, M. (forthcoming): "National Systems of Innovations and Natural Resources Clusters: Evidence from Copper Mining Industry Patents" European Planning Studies.
Batista, J.C. (2001): Estrategia de desarrollo de clusters basados en recursos naturales: el caso de la bauxita en el norte de Brasil. Santiago: CEPAL
Benavente, J.M. (2004): "Innovación Tecnológica en Chile. ¿Dónde estamos y Qué se Puede Hacer?" Central Bank of Chile. Working Papers No 295.
Birch, D. (1987): Job Creation in America. New York: The Free Press.
Bitran, E. (2001): "Crecimiento e Innovación en Chile". Corporación Expansiva, www.expansiva.cl.
Block, Z. and MacMillan, I.C. (1993): Corporate Venturing: Creating new business within the firm, Boston: Harvard Business School Press
Bonin, B. and Desranleau, C. (1988) : Innovation industrielle et analyse économique. Gaétan Morin éditeur. Montreal.
Burt, R. (2005): Trust, Reputation and Competitive Advantage. New York: Oxford U Press.
Casas, R..; Etzkowitiz and Carvalho de Mello, J. (2005): Knowledge for Innovation: New Directions for Latin American University-Industry-Government Interactions. New York: SUNYPress.
Constantino, R. (2004): "Los mercados de tecnología ambiental y la construcción de capacidades institucionales para la gestión ambiental: Notas para el caso mexicano", Análisis Económico, Vol. XXI (42) p. 199-241.
Crespi, G. (2003): Pyme en Chile: Nace, crece y muere. Santiago: FUNDES.
Drucker, R (1985): Innovation and Entrepreneurship. New York: Harper Business.
Dutrénit, G. and Katz, J. (2005):"lnnovation, Growth and Development in Latin-America: Stylized Facts and a Policy Agenda. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice. Vol. 7. No 2.
Easterly, W. and Levine, R. (2002): "lt's Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models". Economic Growth: Sources, Trends and Cycles. In Loayza, N. and Soto, R. (Ed.) Banco Central de Chile.
Echecopar, G. (2004): "lncubating innovative start-ups: some lessons for Chile". In S. Tiffin (ed). Entrepreneurship in Latin America. Westport: Preger Publishers.
Echecopar, G. and Tiffin, S. (2002): A Public Sector Mechanism for Creating Entrepreneurial Firms. Fundación Chile, Boston: Babson College, 2002.
Fagerberg J. and Verspagen, B. (2003):"lnnovation, Growth and Economic Development: Why Some Countries Succeed and Others Don't". Conference: Innovation Systems and development Strategies for the Third Millenium. Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
Feldman, M. (2001): "The Entrepreneurial Event Revisited: Firm Formation in a Regional Context", Industrial and Corporate Change, Vo. 10, No. 4.
Florida, R. (2002): The Rise of the Creative Class. New York: Basic Books
Freeman, C. (1987),Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan, London, UK: Pinter.
Gibson, D and Stiles, C. (2000):"Technopoleis, Technology Transfer and Globally Networked Entrepreneurship". In, Conceicao, P. (ed.), Science, Technology and Innovation Policy. Westport: Quorum.
Gomes-Casseres, B. (1996):The Alliance Revolution:The New Shape of Business Rivalry. Cambridge: Harvard U Press.
Hall, P. (1999): Cities in Civilization. London: Phoenix.
Hojman, D. (2005): "Network Learning, Principal-Agent Conflict and Award-Winning Wine-Making in Chile's Colchagua Valley". Research Paper Series, No 2005/12, The University of Liverpool Management School.
Ireland, D; Hitt, M. and Sirmon, D. (2003):"A model of strategic entrepreneurship: the construct and its dimensions".Journal of Management,Vol. 29 (6).
Katz, J. (2000): Reformas Estructurales, Productividad y Conducta Tecnológica en América Latina, Santiago de Chile: CEPAL/Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Katz, J. (2001),"Structural Reforms and Technological Behaviour: The Sources and Nature of Technological Change in Latin America in the 1990's", Research Policy Vol. 30.
Keroack, M.; Ouimet, M.and Landry, R. (2003): "Networking and Innovation in the Quebec Optics/Photonics Cluster", in Wolfe, D. and Lucas, M. (eds.) Clusters in a Cold Climate. Montreal & Kingston: Queen's-McGill U Press.
Kunc, M. (2006),"Knowledge Management in Natural Resource Based Sectors: The case of Chile" 3rd International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning, Santiago (Chile).
Kunc, M. (2007), "A Survey of Managerial Practices in the Chilean Wine Industry. Journal of Wine Research, 18: 113-119.
Kunc , M. and Bas, TG. (2007), "Upgrading the Chilean wine industry: Has the national system of innovations had a role in its evolution?" 3rd International Conference on Wine- Bacchus at Brock, Brock University - Canada.
Kunc, M. (2008), "A Review of the Development of Wine Tourism in Chile", 4th International Conference of the Academy of Wine Business Research, Siena, July, 2008.
Landry, R. and Amara, N. (2004) : Identification des clusters dynamiques. Ottawa: Ministére du Développement Economique et Regional.
Mayorga, R. (1997): Cerrando la Brecha, BID, Washington DC, NoSOC97-1O1.
Miles, R.; Miles, G. and Snow, C. (2005): Collaborative Entrepreneurship. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
Minniti, M.; Bygrave, W and E. Autio. (2006): Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Executive Report 2005. Babson Collage and London Business School. Babson Park, MA. and London, UK
Montero, C. (2004): Formación y desarrollo de un cluster globalizado: el caso de la industria del salmón en Chile. Santiago: CEPAL
Mullin, J.; Adam, R.; Halliwell J. and Milligan, L. (2000): Science, Technology, and Innovation in Chile. IDRC, Ottawa, Canada.
Nelson, R. (1993): National Systems of Innovation. Oxford University Press, UK.
Niosi, J. and Bas, TG. (2001): "The Competencies of Regions -Canada's Clusters in Biotechnology". Small Business Economics, vol. 17 p. 31-42.
Niosi, J. and Bas, TG. (2004): "Canadian Biotechnology Policy: Designing Incentives for a New Technology". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, Vol. 22, o. 233-248.
Niosi, J. (2005): Canada's Regional Innovation Systems: The Science-Based Industries. Montreal & Kingston: Queen's-McGill U Press.
Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995):The Knowledge-Creating Company. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Penrose, E. (1959): The Theory of the Growth of the Firms. M.E. Sharpe, Inc. White Plains, New York.
Perez, C. (2001): "Technological Change and Opportunities for Development as a Moving Target". CEPAL Review, No 75, Santiago.
Porter, M. (1990):The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Press, New York.
Porter, M. (2000): "Clusters and the new economics of competition", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 11.
Price, R.(1996): "Quand la technologie fait la difference", L'Expansion Management Review, pp. 1254-3176.
Roberts, E. (2002): Innovation. San Francisco: Jossy-Bass.
Romer, P.(1990):"EndogenousTechnological Change", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, p. 71 -102.
Rosenberg, S. (2002): Creating Smart Systems:A guide to cluster strategies in less favoured regions. Carrboro, NC: Regional Technology Strategies Inc.
Rosenberg, N. and Birdzell, L (1996): How the West Grew Rich: The Economic Transformation of the Industrial World. New York Basic Books.
Sachs, J. and Warner, A. (2001): "Fundamental Sources of Long-Run Growth". American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings Vol. 87 (2): 184-188.
SalmonChile (www.salmonchile.cl).
Schumpeter, J. (1911;rpt1934): The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Schumpeter, J. (1942): Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, London: George Allen & Unwin.
Science Council of Canada (1971): Innovation in a Cold Climate. Report #15. Ottawa: Information Canada.
SOFOFA (2004): La industria chilena en cifras, Santiago, Chile.
Solow, R. M. (1956): "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, p. 65-94.
Stevenson, H., Roberts, M., Grousbeck H.I. and Bhidé, A. (1999), New Business Ventures and the Entrepreneur, 5th ed. Chicago: Irwin.
Tiffin, S. (2004): Entrepreneurship in Latin America. New York: Praeger Press
Tiffin, S. and Bortagaray, I. (2002): "Local Innovation Clusters in Latin America", in M. Heitor, D.Gibson and M. lbarra,Technology Policy and lnnovation,Vol. 5. (eds.) Quorum Books.
Timmons J.A. and Spinelli S. (2003): New Venture Creation 6th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Torres-Zorrilla J. (2000): Una estrategia de desarrollo basad en recursos naturales: análisis cluster del complejo de cobre de la Southern Peru. Santiago: CEPAL.
Visser, E-J. (2004):A Chilean Wine Cluster? The Quality and Importance of Local Governance in a Fast Growing and Internationalizing Industry. CEPAL, Santiago, Chile.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2009 Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
