The Determining Factors in the Implementation of Industry 4.0 in Argentine SMEs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242024000100066Keywords:
SMEs, industry 4.0, implementation, Digital TransformationAbstract
The I40 represents a new paradigm in the production of goods and services of companies, through the unification of digital technologies and the Internet with conventional industry. The objective of this work is to analyze the determinants of the implementation of the I40 in SMEs. In particular, we study the effect on implementation of factors such as size, sen-iority, gender, level of technical training of management, the presence in the SME of an internal I40 manager and whether it is a family business or No. To this end, an attempt was made to develop an empirical study based on a sample of 1,142 Argentine SMEs. As a methodological strategy, a model was defined to be developed in two stages. In the first, a confirmatory factor analysis was proposed to determine the latent variable: I40 per com-pany, and in the second, a linear regression model was developed based on the variables chosen as probable determinants. The main results allow us to affirm that the age and size of the organization can have a favorable implication for the incorporation of I40 tools. We also found a positive association between the male sex of management, the manager's training in related technical issues and the presence of an internal person responsible for the digitalization process, in the implementation of technologies associated with the I40. At the same time, we do not find. a significant relationship between the implementation of the I40 model and the family business. The conclusions may be useful for directing public promotion policies on the youngest and smallest companies and facilitating their possibili-ties of incorporating the new production paradigm, as well as the formulation of policies with a gender perspective.
Downloads
References
Alam, K., Ali, M., Erdiaw-Kwasie, M., Murray, P.A., & Wiesner, R. (2022). Digital Transformation among SMEs: Does Gender Matter? Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010535
Alvarez Caldeira, JE (2022). Digitalization of commercial management processes, a key factor for the growth of SMEs in the metalworking sector [bachelor’s thesis].
Alvarez, F., López, O., & Toledo, M. (2021). Access to financing for SMEs.
Andrade Valbuena, N., González-Araya, P., & Llanos-Herrera, G. (2021). Entrepreneurial Orientation and SMEs: Governance as a moderator of the relationship with the firm's performance in the short term. Administration Studies, 28(2), 52. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0816.2021.64799
Badenes-Ribera, L., Frías-Navarro, D., Monterde-I-Bort, H., & Pascual-Soler, M. (2015). Interpretation of the p value: A national survey study in academic psychologists from Spain. Psychothema, 27(3), 290-295. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2014.283
Bardales, J.M.D. (2021). Scientific research: its importance in the training of researchers. Ciencia Latina Multidisciplinary Scientific Magazine, 5(3), 2385-2386.
Basco, AI, Beliz, G., Coatz, D., & Garnero, P. (2018). Industry 4.0: manufacturing the future. Inter-American Development Bank., 647.
Bauer, M., van Dinther, C., Kiefer, D., & Dinther, van. (2020). Machine Learning in SME: An Empirical Study on Enablers and Success Factors (Vol. 12). https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2020https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2020/adv_info_systems_research/adv_info_systems_research/3
Beltramino, NS, Ingaramo, JM, Beltramino, NA, & Gazzaniga, LC (2022). Digitalization and Sustainability in Argentine SMEs. 8th Conlad - 11th International Meeting of Administration of the Guaraní Jesuit Region, 56-92. www.fce.unam.edu.ar; https://conlad.fce.unam.edu.ar/
Bernardes, R., Borini, F., & Figueiredo, P. N. (2020). Inovação em organizações de economias emergentes. Cadernos EBAPE. BR, 17, 886-894.
Blanc, R., Rodríguez, MA, & Lepratte, L. (2019). Sociotechnical issues in territorial development: Industry 4.0 and SMES. Development and Territory, 10, 23-31.
Bravo, MJ, Terra, C., Cristóbal, J., & Fernando Sánchez, A. (2018). Adoption of digital technologies in entrepreneurs. Observatorio de Emprendimiento Regional (UDD OBER) - Facultad de Economía y Negocios - Universidad del Desarrollo - Chile
Cáceres, D., Soto, G., Cabrol, D., Estigarribia, L., Cáceres, D., & Estigarribia, L. (2023). Agroecology as an emerging model in agricultural production: heterogeneities, conflicts and socio-productive changes in the Province of Córdoba (Argentina). Population & Society, 30(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.19137/pys-2023-300101
Calvo-Porral, C. (2017). Analysis of factorial and causal invariance with AMOS (ADD Editorial, Ed.; First edition). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300717980
Campo-Redondo, M., & Labarca Reverol, C. (2009). The theory based on the empirical study of social representations: a case on the guiding role of the teacher. Option - Universidad Del Zulia Venezuela, 25(60), 41-54.
Cárdenas Castro, M., Delgado, J. B., Ramírez, Á. B., Rovira, D. P., Ojeda, F. G., & Salazar, D. A. (2012). Estructura factorial de la escala de satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Revista mexicana de Psicología, 29(2), 157-164.
Castillo, M., Gligo, N., & Rovira, S. (2017). Industrial policy 4.0 in Latin America.
Castro, D., Franchi, A., Iriondo, M., Saulo, C., Serquis, A., Bilmes, G., & Liaudat, S. (2020). Women leading science and technology. Science, Technology and Policy, 4(7), 059. https://doi.org/10.24215/26183188e059
Cerda-Leiva, L., Araya-Castillo, L., & Barrientos Oradini, N. (2020). How much progress has been provided in providing business analytics and intelligence to SMEs? Research & Development, 19(2), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.23881/idupbo.019.2-11e
Chacón-Ramírez, EA, Cardillo-Albarrán, JJ, & Uribe-Hernández, J. (2020). Industry 4.0 in Latin America: A route for its implementation. Ingenio Magazine, 17(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.22463/2011642x.2386
Cohen, A., & Migliorati, G. (2017). SMAI-JCM SMAI Journal of Computational Mathematics Optimal weighted least-squares methods Optimal weighted least-squares methods. In SMAI Journal of Computational Mathematics (Vol. 3).
Colombo, F. A. (2019). Bull Market Brokers The paradigm shift and digitalization in the financial sector in Argentina [Master Thesis]. Argentine Catholic University.
Cortés, Y., Berenice, C., Landeta, I., Manuel, J., Chacón, B., Guadalupe, J., Pereyra, A., & Osorio, L. (2017). The Environment of Industry 4.0: Implications and Future Perspectives. Technological Awareness, 54. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=94454631006
Cretini, I., & Stubrin, L. (2022). Digital transformation in SMEs: an exploratory analysis of supplying companies in the oil and gas sector in Argentina. In Sonia Roitter (Ed.), 27th Mercosur Pymes Network Annual Meeting “Territorial development in debate: digitalization and environmental sustainability as challenges and opportunities for productive transformation” (pp. 434-441).
Dagnino, J. (2014). Linear regression. Rev Chil Anest., 43 (2).
de Rada, V.D. (2022). Does the format of the questions influence the answers of interviewee? Spanish Journal of Sociology, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2022.83
Diniz, F., Duarte, N., Amaral, A., & Pereira, C. (2022). Industry 4.0: Individual perceptions about its nine technologies. In Digitalization of Society, Economics and Management: A Digital Strategy Based on Post-pandemic Developments (pp. 257-267). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Elhusseiny, H.M., & Crispim, J. (2021). SMEs, Barriers and Opportunities on adopting Industry 4.0: A Review. Procedia Computer Science, 196, 864-871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.086
Expósito, A., Sanchis-Llopis, A., & Sanchis-Llopis, JA (2022). Is Digitalization Affected by the Entrepreneur's Gender? Evidence for Spanish SMEs in the Service and Retail Sectors. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 20(4), 495-522.
Feldman, P., & Girolimo, U. (2020). Industry 4.0 in Argentine perspective: challenges, obstacles, and possible scenarios. VII Argentine Symposium on Technology and Society (STS 2020) - JAIIO 49 (Virtual Mode), 34-48.
Feldman, P., & Girolimo, U. (2021). The development of 4.0 industry from a Latin American perspective: shortcomings, opportunities, challenges. Public Policy Perspectives Magazine, 10(20), 459-491.
Franco, SF., Graña, JM., Rikap, C., & Robert, V. (2022). Industry 4.0 as a technological system: the challenges of public policy.
Freire Espinosa, E. (2018). Hypothesis in research (Vol. 16, Issue 1).
Frez Orellana, P. (2021). Industry 4.0 and skills for labor conversion in women. https://repositorio.udd.cl/server/api/core/bitstreams/93005d94-ef0b-4a33-b1a9-2de91198d4c8/content
Gadre, M. (2020). Industry 4.0-Digital Transformation, Challenges and Benefits. International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, 13(2), 139-149. www.theduarity.com
Gallegos Ramírez, R., & Sztulwark, S. (2018). Latin America: From structural immobilization to change in the cognitive matrix. State and Public Policy Magazine, 10, 21-37.
García Pérez de Lema, D. (Coordinator), Duréndez Gómez-Guillamón, A., Hansen, PB, & Leiva Bonilla, JC (2022). MSME Report 2022 Digitalization and sustainable development of MSMEs in Latin America. www.faedpyme.es
Geremía, W. (2022). Industry 4.0 technological revolution or strategic revolution? 4.0 Industry Technological revolution or strategic revolution?
González, R. E. V., & Corzo, J. A. R. (2020). Perspectivas teóricas de las características del uso de la industria 4.0. Vinculatégica EFAN, 6(1), 330-343.
Guercio, MB, Briozzo, AE, Vigier, HP, & Martinez, LB (2020). The financial structure of Technology-Based Firms. Revista Contabilidade e Financas, 31(84), 444-457. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057X201909580
Gulayin, DJ (2017). Linear and multiple logistic regression models applied to an accounting case. XIII Regional Accounting Research Symposium and XXIII National Meeting of University Researchers in the Accounting Area.
Heavin, C., & Power, D.J. (2018). Challenges for digital transformation-towards a conceptual decision support guide for managers. Journal of Decision Systems, 27(1), 38-45.
Helfat, C.E., & Martin, J.A. (2015). Dynamic Managerial Capabilities: Review and Assessment of Managerial Impact on Strategic Change. In Journal of Management (Vol. 41, Issue 5, pp. 1281-1312). SAGE Publications Inc. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314561301
Henseler, J. (2017). Bridging Design and Behavioral Research with Variance-Based Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Advertising, 46(1), 178-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2017.1281780
Hermann, M., Pentek, T., & Otto, B. (2016). Design principles for industry 4.0 scenarios. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2016-March, 3928-3937. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2016.488
Hernández, CE, & Carpio, N. (2019). Introduction to types of sampling. ALERT Scientific Magazine of the National Institute of Health, 2(1), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.5377/alerta.v2i1.7535
Jacquez-Hernández, M. V., & Torre, V. G. L. (2018). Models for assessing maturity and readiness towards Industry 4.0: a literature review Industry 4.0 models for assessing maturity and readiness: A Literature Review. Industrial engineering. Curent Events and New Trends, 11(20), 61-78.
Kayikci, Y. (2018). Sustainability impact of digitization in logistics. Procedia Manufacturing, 21, 782-789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.184
Kiefer, K., Heileman, M., & Pett, T. L. (2022). Does gender still matter? An examination of small business performance. Small Business Economics, 58(1), 141-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00403-2
Laguna, BAC (2017). Design of a Likert scale-type instrument to describe attitudes towards technology by teachers in a public school in Bogotá [Master of Education]. University Francisco Jose de Calda.
Liu, Z., Sampaio, P., Pishchulov, G., Mehandjiev, N., Cisneros-Cabrera, S., Schirrmann, A., Jiru, F., & Bnouhanna, N. (2022). The architectural design and implementation of a digital platform for Industry 4.0 SME collaboration. Computers in Industry, 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103623
López-Nicolás, C., & Meroño-Cerdán, Á. L. (2011). Strategic knowledge management, innovation, and performance. International journal of information management,31(6), 502-509.
Manco, OCU (2018). Effect of misspecification in the beta regression model with random intercept. Manco, OCU, 7(2), 84-95.
Masood, T., & Sonntag, P. (2020). Industry 4.0: Adoption challenges and benefits for SMEs. Computers in Industry , 121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103261
Matas, A. (2018). Design of the Likert-type scale format: A state of the art. Electronic Journal of Educational Research, 20(1), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.24320/redie.2018.20.1.1347
Matt, C., Hess, T., & Benlian, A. (2015). Digital Transformation Strategies. In Business and Information Systems Engineering (Vol. 57, Issue 5, pp. 339-343). Gabler Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-015-0401-5
Meo, A.I. (2010). Informed consent, anonymity, and confidentiality in social research. the international experience and the case of sociology in Argentina. Bet Magazine of Social Sciences, 44, 1-30. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=495950240001
Mohamed, M. (2018). Challenges and Benefits of Industry 4.0: An overview. International Journal of Supply and Operations Management, 5(3), 256-265. www.ijsom.com
Mon, A., René, H., & Giorgio, D. (2022). ScienceDirect-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing Analysis of Industry 4.0 Products in SMEs. www.sciencedirect.comwww.elsevier.com/locate/procedia1877-0509
Motta, J., Morero, H., & Ascúa, R. (2019). Industry 4.0 in manufacturing MSMEs in Argentina. www.cepal.org/apps
Muñoz, A., Espitia, MA, Lucía, E., García, I., Jorge, C., Martínez, R., & Artigas, S. (2017). Final report Industry 4.0 as a driver for the adoption of innovation in Family Businesses.
Nunes, PM, Gonçalves, M., & Serrasqueiro, Z. (2013). The influence of age on SMEs' growth determinants: Empirical evidence. Small Business Economics , 40(2), 249-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9363-2
Oláh, J., Aburumman, N., Popp, J., Khan, MA, Haddad, H., & Kitukutha, N. (2020). Impact of industry 4.0 on environmental sustainability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114674
Orser, B.J., & Riding, A. (2018). The influence of gender on the adoption of technology among SMEs. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 33(4), 514. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2018.10011218
Panizzi, M., Puricelli, F., Ortiz, F., Schiffino, C., Sattolo, I., & Bencardino, A. (2023). Current state of industry 4.0 in SMEs in the Hurlingham City. Workshop of Researchers in Computer Sciences. https://forms.gle/qJbUMsSWM27E77eT8
Pedroni, F. (2022). Innovation as a resilience strategy during the COVID-19 crisis. Latin American Administration Notebooks, 18(34). https://doi.org/10.18270/cuaderlam.v18i34.3886
Pedrosa, I., Juarros Basterretxea, J., Robles-Fernández, A., Basteiro, J., & García-Cueto, E. (2015). Goodness of fit tests in symmetric distributions, what statistic to use? 1, 245-254. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy13-5.pbad
Pérez, E., Medrano, L. A., & Rosas, J. S. (2013). El Path Analysis: conceptos básicos y ejemplos de aplicación. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 5(1), 52-66.
Pérez Ibáñez, I. (2023). Digitalización y crecimiento en las empresas familiares. Mention in General Management]. University of Cantabria.
Philbin, S., Viswanathan, R., & Telukdarie, A. (2022). Understanding how digital transformation can enable SMEs to achieve sustainable development: A systematic literature review. Small Business International Review, 6(1), e473. https://doi.org/10.26784/sbir.v6i1.473
Queiroz, GA, Alves Junior, PN, & Costa Melo, I. (2022). Digitalization as an Enabler to SMEs Implementing Lean-Green? A Systematic Review through the Topic Modeling Approach. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 14, Issue 21). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114089
Quiroz-Rojas, P., & Teruel, M. (2021). Does gender matter for innovative and non-innovative firms' growth? An empirical analysis of Chilean managers. Innovation and Development, 11(1), 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/2157930X.2020.1748329
Rodic, B. (2017). Industry 4.0 and the New Simulation Modeling Padigm. Organizacija, 50(3), 193-207. https://doi.org/10.1515/orga-2017-0017
Rodríguez, EM (2005). Frequent errors in the interpretation of the linear coefficient of determination. Escurialense Legal and Economic Yearbook, 38, 315-331.
Rodríguez-Jaume, MJ, & Mora Catalá, R. (2001). Simple regression analysis. University of Alicante. Publications Service.
Roman, A., & Rusu, V.D. (2022). Digital Technologies and the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. Studies in Business and Economics, 17(3), 190-203. https://doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2022-0055
Sachon, M. (2018). The pillars of industry 4.0. IESE Business School Alumni Magazine, 148, 46-54.
Saenz Lopez, K., & Tamez González, G. (2014). Qualitative and quantitative methods and techniques applicable to research in social sciences. Tirant Humanities Mexico.
Salas-Arbeláez, L., García-Solarte, M., & Azuero-Rodríguez, AR (2018). Manager gender and innovation: Empirical case in SMEs in Cali. Journal of Research, Developent, and Innovation, 8(2), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v8.n2.2018.7962
Salimbeni, S. (2021). Assessment of Industry 4.0 Maturity Level. www.epiem.org
Salimbeni, S., & Bianchi, S. (2019). Estado actual y evolución de la industria nacional hacia la industria 4.0. Innova UNTREF, 3. Revista Argentina de Ciencia y Tecnología, 1-13.
Sanchez Cherubini, J. E. (2020). Healthcare 4.0: desafíos para su implementación en el ecosistema argentino.
Tàpies, J. (2011). Family business: an interdisciplinary approach.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
